Music Performance on 19th-Century Sukuma-Nyamwezi Caravans to the Swahili Coast
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v8i2.1779Abstract
This article examines the utility and significance of music performed on 19th- century caravans journeying between the inland East African Sukuma-Nyamwezi and interlacustrine regions, and the Swahili coast. This research will show that through music and "soundscape production”, Sukuma-Nymawezi porters or bapagati maintained their identity and dignity albeit intermittently, in spite of the rigors sustained on the long march.References
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Beidelman, T.O. 1982 "The Organization and Maintenance of Caravans by the Church Missionary Society in Tanzania in the 19th Century", International Journal of African Historical Studies, 15:4
Bosch, Fr. 1930 Les Banyamwezi, Peuple de L' Afr Centr Orientale
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Tucker, Alfred 1911 Eighteen Years in Uganda and East Africa, London: Arnold
Velten, Carl (ed.) 1901b Safari za Waswahili, Goettingen: Vandenhoed and Ruprecht
Werther, C. Waldemar 1898 Die Mittleren Hochländer des Nördlichen Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, Berlin: Verlag von Hermann Paetel
Weule, Karl 1909 Native Life in East Africa, New York: Appleton and Co.
Wolf, James B. (ed.) 1976 The Central African Diaries of Walter Hutley. Boston: African Studies Center, Boston University
Akeley, Mary 1929 Carl Akeley's Africa, New York: Dodd Mead and Co.
Barttelot, Major 1890 Major Barttelot's Diary and Letters, London: Bentley and Son
Baumann, Oskar 1894 Durch Massailand zur Nilquelle, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer
Beidelman, T.O. 1982 "The Organization and Maintenance of Caravans by the Church Missionary Society in Tanzania in the 19th Century", International Journal of African Historical Studies, 15:4
Bosch, Fr. 1930 Les Banyamwezi, Peuple de L' Afr Centr Orientale
Burton, Richard 1860 The Lake Regions of Central Africa, New York: Dover Publications
Cameron, Verney Lovett 1877 Across Africa, New York: Harper and Brothers
Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine and Paul Lovejoy (eds) 1978 The Workers of African Trade, London: Sage Publications
Cory, Hans n.d. "Porters in East Africa", #153, Hans Cory Papers, EAF Z6601 E3, Hans Cory Papers, East African Collection, University of Dar Es Salaam
Cummings, R. 1975 Aspects of Human Porterage with Special Reference to the Akamba of Kenya: Towards an Economic History, 1820-1920, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California
Decle, Lionel 1900 [1974] Three Years in Savage Africa, Bulawayo: Books of Rhodesia
El Murjebi, Hamed Bin Muhammed 1971 Maishaya Hamed Bin Muhammed El Murjebi, YaaniTippu Tip, kwa Maneno Yake Mwenywe, Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau
Frederick, Adolphus, Duke of Mecklenburg 1910 In the Heart of Africa, London: Cassell and Co.
Glassman, Jonathon 1995 Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion, and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856-1888, Portsmouth: Heinemann
Goetzen, Graf 1899 Durch Afrika von Ost Nach West, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer
Grant, James 1864 A Walk Across Africa, London: William Blackwood and Sons
Gray, Richard, and Birmingham, David (eds) 1970 Pre-Colonial African Trade, London: Oxford University Press
Gunderson, Frank 2001 "From 'Dancing with Porcupines' to 'Twirling a Hoe': Musical Labor Transformed in Sukumaland, Tanzania", Africa Today, 48(4):3-26
Hartwig, Gerald 1976 The Art of Survival in East Africa, New York: Holmes and Meir
Hohnel Von, Ludwig 1894 [1968] Discovery by Count Teleki of Lakes Rudolf and Stefanie, London: Frank Cass and Co.
Hore, Edward 1971 Missionary to Tanganyika, 1877-1888, London: Frank Cass and Co.
Iliffe, John 1979 A Modern History of Tanganyika, London: Cambridge University Press
Itandala, Buluda 1983 A History of the Babinza of the Wasukuma, Tanzania to 1890. Ph.D. Dissertation, Dalhousie University
Janzen, John 1992 Ngoma: Discourses of Healing in Central and Southern Africa. Los Angeles: University of California Press
Johnston, Harry Hamilton 1886 The Kilima-Njaro Expedition, London
Kezilihabi, Euphrase 1981 "Ushairi na Nyimbo Katika Utamaduni Wetu", Urithi wa Utamaduni Wetu, Wahariri C.K. Omari and M. Mvungi, Dar Es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House
Koponen, Juhani 1988 People and Production in Late Pre-Colonial Tanzania, Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies
Krapf, J.C. 1860 Travels and Researches in Eastern Africa, Boston: Ticknor and Felds
Kubik, Gerhard 1997 "Tanzania", in Sadie, Stanley (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, London: Macmillan Press, Vol. 18. pp. 567-571
Lambert, H. E. 1963 "The Beni Dance Songs ", Swahili, 33(1):18-21
Molitor P. H. 1913 La Musique Chez les Negres du Tanganika. Anthropos VIII
New, C. 1971 Life, Wanderings, and Labor in East Africa, London: Frank Cass
Ranger, T.O. 1975 Dance and Society in Eastern Africa 1890-1970, Los Angeles: University of California Press
Roberts, Andrew 1968 Tanzania Before 1900, Nairobi: East African Publishing House
Roscoe, John 1921 Twenty Five Years in East Africa, New York: Negro University Press
Selemani, bin Mwenye Chande 1965 "Safari Yangu ya Bara Africa", Harries, Linden (ed.), Swahili Prose Texts: A Selection of the Material Collected By Carl Velten from 1893 to 1896, London: Oxford University Press
Simpson, Donald 1975 Dark Companions: The Contribution to the European Exploration of East Africa, London: Paul Elek
Smith, Susan Newson (ed.) 1978 Quest: The Story of Stanley and Livingstone Told in Their Own Words, London: Arlington Books
Speke, John Hanning 1863 Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile, London: Greenwood Press
Stanley, Henry M. 1899 Through the Dark Continent, Volume II, London: George Newnes Ltd.
Stigand, C.H. 1913 The Land of Zinj, London: Constable and Co.
Thomson, Joseph 1962 [1885] Through Masailand, Chicago: Northwestern University Press
Thurston, A. B. n.d. African Incidents, London: J. Murray
Trotha, Von 1897 Meine Bereiβung von Deutsch-OstAfrika, Berlin: B. Brigl
Tucker, Alfred 1911 Eighteen Years in Uganda and East Africa, London: Arnold
Velten, Carl (ed.) 1901b Safari za Waswahili, Goettingen: Vandenhoed and Ruprecht
Werther, C. Waldemar 1898 Die Mittleren Hochländer des Nördlichen Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, Berlin: Verlag von Hermann Paetel
Weule, Karl 1909 Native Life in East Africa, New York: Appleton and Co.
Wolf, James B. (ed.) 1976 The Central African Diaries of Walter Hutley. Boston: African Studies Center, Boston University
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Published
2008-11-30
How to Cite
Gunderson, Frank. 2008. “Music Performance on 19th-Century Sukuma-Nyamwezi Caravans to the Swahili Coast”. African Music : Journal of the International Library of African Music 8 (2):6-25. https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v8i2.1779.
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