The eroticization of bikutsi: reclaiming female space through popular music and media.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v8i4.1866Abstract
THis work examines the development of bikutsi from traditional song form to media, moral and cultural issue - a site of contestation between local media officials and an increasingly more internationally influenced and liberalized media. I analyze the experience of bikutsi as mediated by politics and external and internal views and consumption. As the Cameroonian media undergoes a process of democratization highly influenced by foreign media, local musicians and video artists become actors in a conflicted and uncertain environment. On the one hand are issues of nation-building and cultural development in the face of dominant foreign media, and on the other, the multitude of images, sounds and forms of popular culture people attach themselves to in their daily imaginings.References
Awona, S. 1971 "Danses Traditionnelles Camerounaises", in Danses du Cameroun, Publication de la Direction des Affaires Culturelles du Ministère de l'Education, de la Culture et de la Formation Professionnelle. Yaoundé: Cameroun.
Baudrillard, Jean 1987 The Ecstacy of Communication, New York: Semiotext(e).
Bingono-Bingono, François 1998 Le Nkûl des Betî-Bûlu-Fang: etude d'un outil traditionnel de communication, Dissertation, Université de Yaoundé II-SOA, Cameroun.
Fanon, Franz 2005 Wretched of the Earth, New York: Grove Press.
Fuller, Charles 1997 "A History of Bikutsi Music in Cameroon", www.africasounds.com.
Ghonda, Jean-Pierre 1988 Le Mvet: evolution, déclin et conditions pour sa renaissance, Dissertation, Université de Yaoundé, Cameroun.
K-Tino Interview 2004 www.cameroon-info.net/stories/o,14505,@,k-tino-je-ne-suis-pas- vulgaire.html.
Laburthe-Tolra, Phillipe 1985 Initiations et Sociétés Secretes au Cameroun: Les Mysteres de la Nuit, Paris: Editions Karthala.
Mbala, Agnès Marie 1985 Bikutsi: Chants de Femmes Chez les Mvele, Université Paris X Nanterre, Paris.
Mbembe, Achille 2001 On the Postcolony, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Mbia, Emma 1992 Le Bikutsi: Danse de la Foret, Dissertation, Université Paris V Sorbonne, Paris.
Menguele, Maturin 1979 Mythe et Ideologie Dans le Mvet, Dissertation, Université de Yaoundé, Cameroun.
Minh-ha, Trinh T. 1990 "Women, Native, Other", Feminist Review, No. 36 (Autumn 1990), pp. 65- 74-
Musa, Tansa 2000 "Congolese Dombolo Too Hot for Cameroon", www.ips.org/ips/ips/nsf/db6124472.
Ndjana, Hubert Mono 1999 Les Chansons de Sodome et Gomorrhe: Analyses pour /'éthique, Yaoundé: Editions du Carrefour.
Ngumu, Pie-Claude 1976 Les Mendzan Des Chanteurs de Yaoundé, Wien: Acta Ethnologica et Linguistica.
Nkolo, Jean Victor 1994 "Makossa: 1 Bikutsi: 1", in Simon Broughton (ed.) World Music, London: Rough Guides Ltd.
Noah, Jean Maurice 2004 Le Bikutsi du Cameroun, Yaoundé: Carrefour/Erika.
Nyamnjoh, Francis B. 1990 "How to 'Kill' an Underdeveloped Press: Lessons from Cameroon", Gazette, 46:57-75.
2005 Africa's Media: Democracy & the Politics of Belonging, London and New York: Zed Books.
Onguene Essono, L.M. 1996 "La Démocratie en Chan-sons: Les Bikut-si du Cameroun", Politique Africaine, No. 64:52-61.
Rathnaw, Dennis 2005 "Strategic Minstrelsy: Les Têtes Brûlées and the Claim for Black Modernism", in Toyin Falola and Steven J. Salm (eds) Urbanization and African Cultures, Durham: Carolina Press.
Suleri, Sara 1992 "Woman Skin Deep: Feminism and the Postcolonial Condition", Critical Inquiry, 18 (Summer 1992), pp. 756-769.
Chantal Ayissi 2002 Renaissance, J.P.S. Production
K-Tino 2006 7ème ciel
2005 Best of vol. 2
2003 Ne pousse pas...Le bouchon loin, Moradisc
n.d. Viagra - Baisse-toi
Richard Band de Zoetele n.d. Événement
Sally Nyolo 2001 Beti, Lusafrica France
1997 Tribu, Tinder
Sally Nyolo and the Original Bands of Yaoundé 2006 Studio Cameroon, Riverboat
Les Têtes Brûlées 1992 Bikutsi Rock, Shanachie
1991 Hot Heads, Shanachie
Various Artists 1997 Cameroon Bikutsi Tempo, SonoDisc
Various Artists 2005 Mvet ai Mandzang: Music of the Beti, Wergo Germany
Claudia Dikosso n.d. Mayangue Wa, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c55zhFd9QNA&feature=related
K-Tino n.d. Viagra, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CM5kqzPIkbo
n.d. Agent de Police, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFdg-UMi8kE
n.d. Ciel, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oP9yK-dgIzw
n.d. Ascenseur, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFaCL9hdZwE
K-Wash (Daughter of K-Tino) n.d. Ban Bongo, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wj4qzKK3ErI
This reference contains 2 citations:
n.d. Kiss Kiss Balafons, Live Wedding Performance, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=njBatCPrwdE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moiblCArBog&feature=related
This reference contains 2 citations:
Les Têtes Brûlées n.d. From the documentary Man No Run directed by Claire Denis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnOy5j5KY_o&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9yiMOEn7QY&feature=related
Richard Amougou n.d. Événement, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6ozQCuBO- Q&feature=related
Tanus Foe n.d. Sabina, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwxEz-30mGY
Baudrillard, Jean 1987 The Ecstacy of Communication, New York: Semiotext(e).
Bingono-Bingono, François 1998 Le Nkûl des Betî-Bûlu-Fang: etude d'un outil traditionnel de communication, Dissertation, Université de Yaoundé II-SOA, Cameroun.
Fanon, Franz 2005 Wretched of the Earth, New York: Grove Press.
Fuller, Charles 1997 "A History of Bikutsi Music in Cameroon", www.africasounds.com.
Ghonda, Jean-Pierre 1988 Le Mvet: evolution, déclin et conditions pour sa renaissance, Dissertation, Université de Yaoundé, Cameroun.
K-Tino Interview 2004 www.cameroon-info.net/stories/o,14505,@,k-tino-je-ne-suis-pas- vulgaire.html.
Laburthe-Tolra, Phillipe 1985 Initiations et Sociétés Secretes au Cameroun: Les Mysteres de la Nuit, Paris: Editions Karthala.
Mbala, Agnès Marie 1985 Bikutsi: Chants de Femmes Chez les Mvele, Université Paris X Nanterre, Paris.
Mbembe, Achille 2001 On the Postcolony, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Mbia, Emma 1992 Le Bikutsi: Danse de la Foret, Dissertation, Université Paris V Sorbonne, Paris.
Menguele, Maturin 1979 Mythe et Ideologie Dans le Mvet, Dissertation, Université de Yaoundé, Cameroun.
Minh-ha, Trinh T. 1990 "Women, Native, Other", Feminist Review, No. 36 (Autumn 1990), pp. 65- 74-
Musa, Tansa 2000 "Congolese Dombolo Too Hot for Cameroon", www.ips.org/ips/ips/nsf/db6124472.
Ndjana, Hubert Mono 1999 Les Chansons de Sodome et Gomorrhe: Analyses pour /'éthique, Yaoundé: Editions du Carrefour.
Ngumu, Pie-Claude 1976 Les Mendzan Des Chanteurs de Yaoundé, Wien: Acta Ethnologica et Linguistica.
Nkolo, Jean Victor 1994 "Makossa: 1 Bikutsi: 1", in Simon Broughton (ed.) World Music, London: Rough Guides Ltd.
Noah, Jean Maurice 2004 Le Bikutsi du Cameroun, Yaoundé: Carrefour/Erika.
Nyamnjoh, Francis B. 1990 "How to 'Kill' an Underdeveloped Press: Lessons from Cameroon", Gazette, 46:57-75.
2005 Africa's Media: Democracy & the Politics of Belonging, London and New York: Zed Books.
Onguene Essono, L.M. 1996 "La Démocratie en Chan-sons: Les Bikut-si du Cameroun", Politique Africaine, No. 64:52-61.
Rathnaw, Dennis 2005 "Strategic Minstrelsy: Les Têtes Brûlées and the Claim for Black Modernism", in Toyin Falola and Steven J. Salm (eds) Urbanization and African Cultures, Durham: Carolina Press.
Suleri, Sara 1992 "Woman Skin Deep: Feminism and the Postcolonial Condition", Critical Inquiry, 18 (Summer 1992), pp. 756-769.
Chantal Ayissi 2002 Renaissance, J.P.S. Production
K-Tino 2006 7ème ciel
2005 Best of vol. 2
2003 Ne pousse pas...Le bouchon loin, Moradisc
n.d. Viagra - Baisse-toi
Richard Band de Zoetele n.d. Événement
Sally Nyolo 2001 Beti, Lusafrica France
1997 Tribu, Tinder
Sally Nyolo and the Original Bands of Yaoundé 2006 Studio Cameroon, Riverboat
Les Têtes Brûlées 1992 Bikutsi Rock, Shanachie
1991 Hot Heads, Shanachie
Various Artists 1997 Cameroon Bikutsi Tempo, SonoDisc
Various Artists 2005 Mvet ai Mandzang: Music of the Beti, Wergo Germany
Claudia Dikosso n.d. Mayangue Wa, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c55zhFd9QNA&feature=related
K-Tino n.d. Viagra, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CM5kqzPIkbo
n.d. Agent de Police, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFdg-UMi8kE
n.d. Ciel, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oP9yK-dgIzw
n.d. Ascenseur, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFaCL9hdZwE
K-Wash (Daughter of K-Tino) n.d. Ban Bongo, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wj4qzKK3ErI
This reference contains 2 citations:
n.d. Kiss Kiss Balafons, Live Wedding Performance, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=njBatCPrwdE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moiblCArBog&feature=related
This reference contains 2 citations:
Les Têtes Brûlées n.d. From the documentary Man No Run directed by Claire Denis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnOy5j5KY_o&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9yiMOEn7QY&feature=related
Richard Amougou n.d. Événement, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6ozQCuBO- Q&feature=related
Tanus Foe n.d. Sabina, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwxEz-30mGY
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Published
2010-11-30
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“The Eroticization of Bikutsi: Reclaiming Female Space through Popular Music and Media”. 2010. African Music : Journal of the International Library of African Music 8 (4): 48-68. https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v8i4.1866.