Brass bands and the beni phenomenon in urban east Africa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v7i1.1931Abstract
With the advent of the German and British colonial administrations to the coast of East Africa in the late 1800s came also the complements of military machinery and military music. This paper will investigate the impact of the music of the European military brass band on the coastal and inland areas of Tanganyika as manifested in the development, florescence and demise of beni ngoma.References
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Austen, Ralph A. 1968. Northwestern Tanzania under German and British rule. Colonial and tribal policies, 1889-1939. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Baker, E.C. 1934. 'Report on social and economic conditions in the Tanga Province.' Dar es Salaam, p.99 (Unpublished report).
Blankaart (ed). 1683. Periplus Maris Erythraei. Amstelodami: apud Jansonnio-Waes- bergios.
British Information Services, Tanganyika. 1961. The making of a nation. London: Cox and Sherland.
Calvert, Albert, F., F.C.S. 1917. German East Africa. New York: Negro Universities Press, reprinted 1970.
Campbell, Carol A. 1974. 'Sauti za Lamu: an exploratory study of Swahili music.' Unpublished M.A.thesis, University of Washington.
Coplan, David. 1978. 'Go to my town, Cape Coast! The social history of Ghanaian Highlife.' Eight urban musical cultures, Bruno Nettl (ed.), Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 96-114.
Gillman, C. 1945. 'Dar es Salaam, 1860 to 1940: a story of growth and change.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 20:1-23.
Hall, R. de Z. 1936.'The dance societies of the Wasukuma as seen in the Maswa district.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 1:94-96.
Hartwig, G.W. 1969. 'The historical and social role of Kerebe music.' Tanzanian Notes and Records 70:41-56.
Hatchell, G.W. 1958. 'The British occupation of the South-western area of Tanganyika Territory 1915 - 1918.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 51: 131-55.
Heinitz, Wilhelm. 1932. 'Lied aus Dar es Salaam transkribiert.' Festschrift Heinrich Wilhelm Augustin. Gluckstadt: J.J. Augustin.
Hollis, A.C. 1924. 'Dance of Sagara women, Tanganyika territory.' Man 24(4): 5-6.
> View on JSTOR
Hornbostel, Eric M. von. 1909. 'Wanyamwezi-Gesänge.' Anthropos 4: 684-701, 919-30.
--- 1910. 'Wasukuma-Melodie, nach der Aufhname von Dr J. Czekanowski.' Bulletin International de l'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie, Series B, Sciences Naturelles 2: 711-13.
Hunter, G. 1953. 'Hidden drums in Singida district.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 24: 28-32.
Hyslop, Graham. 1976. Musical instruments of Tanzania. Draft script of a textbook entitled Musical Instruments of East Africa II-Tanzania (Unpublished).
Iliffe, John. 1969. Tanganyika under German rule, 1905-12. London: Cambridge UP.
--- 1979. A modern history of Tanganyika. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Johnson, V. E. 1954. 'African harvest dance.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 27: 138-42.
Kubik, G. 1967. 'The traditional music of Tanzania.' Afrika 8(2): 29.
> View on JSTOR
--- 1981. 'Neo-traditional popular music in East Africa since 1945.' Popular Music 1: 83-104.
--- 1987. Malawian music: a framework for analysis. Zomba: University of Ma- lawi.
Lambert, H.E. 1962/63. 'The Beni dance songs.' Swahili 33 (1): 18-21.
Leslie, J.A.K. 1963. A survey of Dar es Salaam. London: OUP.
Martin, Stephen H. 1982. 'Music in urban East Africa: five genres in Dar es Salaam.' Journal of African Studies 9(3): 155-163.
Mbunga, Stephen. 1968. 'Music reform in Tanzania.' African Ecclesiastical Review 10(1): 47.
--- 1956. 'The Kalela Dance.' Rhodes-Livingstone Paper no.27, Man- chester UP.
Moffett, J.P. (ed) 1958. Handbook of Tanganyika. Dar es Salaam: Government of Tanganyika.
Moyse-Bartlett, H. 1956. The King's African Rifles: a study in the military history of East and Central Africa, 1890-1945. London: Aldershot, Gale and Polden.
Mluanda, M.1971. 'The Luguru traditional moral schools.' Review of Ethnology 3: 57.
Nketia, J.H.K. 1967. 'Multi-part organization in the music of the Gogo of Tanzania.' Journal of the International Folk Music Council 19: 79-88.
Ogot, B.A. and J.A. Kiernan (eds.) 1971. Zamani: a survey of East African history. New York: Humanities Press.
Pakenham, R.H.W. 1959. 'Two Zanzibar Ngomas.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 52: 111-16.
Ranger, Terence O. 1975. Dance and society in Eastern Africa 1890-1970. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Skene, R. 1917. 'Arab and Swahili dances and ceremonies.' Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 47: 417-34.
Tracey, Hugh. 1952. 'Recording tour in Tanganyika by a team of the African Music Society.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 32: 43-49.
Wallis, Roger and Maim, Krister. 1984. Big sounds from small peoples: the music industry in small countries. New York: Pendragon.
Weule, Karl. 1909. Native life in East Africa. (Trans. Alice Werner.) London: Pitman.
Austen, Ralph A. 1968. Northwestern Tanzania under German and British rule. Colonial and tribal policies, 1889-1939. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Baker, E.C. 1934. 'Report on social and economic conditions in the Tanga Province.' Dar es Salaam, p.99 (Unpublished report).
Blankaart (ed). 1683. Periplus Maris Erythraei. Amstelodami: apud Jansonnio-Waes- bergios.
British Information Services, Tanganyika. 1961. The making of a nation. London: Cox and Sherland.
Calvert, Albert, F., F.C.S. 1917. German East Africa. New York: Negro Universities Press, reprinted 1970.
Campbell, Carol A. 1974. 'Sauti za Lamu: an exploratory study of Swahili music.' Unpublished M.A.thesis, University of Washington.
Coplan, David. 1978. 'Go to my town, Cape Coast! The social history of Ghanaian Highlife.' Eight urban musical cultures, Bruno Nettl (ed.), Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 96-114.
Gillman, C. 1945. 'Dar es Salaam, 1860 to 1940: a story of growth and change.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 20:1-23.
Hall, R. de Z. 1936.'The dance societies of the Wasukuma as seen in the Maswa district.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 1:94-96.
Hartwig, G.W. 1969. 'The historical and social role of Kerebe music.' Tanzanian Notes and Records 70:41-56.
Hatchell, G.W. 1958. 'The British occupation of the South-western area of Tanganyika Territory 1915 - 1918.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 51: 131-55.
Heinitz, Wilhelm. 1932. 'Lied aus Dar es Salaam transkribiert.' Festschrift Heinrich Wilhelm Augustin. Gluckstadt: J.J. Augustin.
Hollis, A.C. 1924. 'Dance of Sagara women, Tanganyika territory.' Man 24(4): 5-6.
> View on JSTOR
Hornbostel, Eric M. von. 1909. 'Wanyamwezi-Gesänge.' Anthropos 4: 684-701, 919-30.
--- 1910. 'Wasukuma-Melodie, nach der Aufhname von Dr J. Czekanowski.' Bulletin International de l'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie, Series B, Sciences Naturelles 2: 711-13.
Hunter, G. 1953. 'Hidden drums in Singida district.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 24: 28-32.
Hyslop, Graham. 1976. Musical instruments of Tanzania. Draft script of a textbook entitled Musical Instruments of East Africa II-Tanzania (Unpublished).
Iliffe, John. 1969. Tanganyika under German rule, 1905-12. London: Cambridge UP.
--- 1979. A modern history of Tanganyika. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Johnson, V. E. 1954. 'African harvest dance.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 27: 138-42.
Kubik, G. 1967. 'The traditional music of Tanzania.' Afrika 8(2): 29.
> View on JSTOR
--- 1981. 'Neo-traditional popular music in East Africa since 1945.' Popular Music 1: 83-104.
--- 1987. Malawian music: a framework for analysis. Zomba: University of Ma- lawi.
Lambert, H.E. 1962/63. 'The Beni dance songs.' Swahili 33 (1): 18-21.
Leslie, J.A.K. 1963. A survey of Dar es Salaam. London: OUP.
Martin, Stephen H. 1982. 'Music in urban East Africa: five genres in Dar es Salaam.' Journal of African Studies 9(3): 155-163.
Mbunga, Stephen. 1968. 'Music reform in Tanzania.' African Ecclesiastical Review 10(1): 47.
--- 1956. 'The Kalela Dance.' Rhodes-Livingstone Paper no.27, Man- chester UP.
Moffett, J.P. (ed) 1958. Handbook of Tanganyika. Dar es Salaam: Government of Tanganyika.
Moyse-Bartlett, H. 1956. The King's African Rifles: a study in the military history of East and Central Africa, 1890-1945. London: Aldershot, Gale and Polden.
Mluanda, M.1971. 'The Luguru traditional moral schools.' Review of Ethnology 3: 57.
Nketia, J.H.K. 1967. 'Multi-part organization in the music of the Gogo of Tanzania.' Journal of the International Folk Music Council 19: 79-88.
Ogot, B.A. and J.A. Kiernan (eds.) 1971. Zamani: a survey of East African history. New York: Humanities Press.
Pakenham, R.H.W. 1959. 'Two Zanzibar Ngomas.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 52: 111-16.
Ranger, Terence O. 1975. Dance and society in Eastern Africa 1890-1970. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Skene, R. 1917. 'Arab and Swahili dances and ceremonies.' Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 47: 417-34.
Tracey, Hugh. 1952. 'Recording tour in Tanganyika by a team of the African Music Society.' Tanganyika Notes and Records 32: 43-49.
Wallis, Roger and Maim, Krister. 1984. Big sounds from small peoples: the music industry in small countries. New York: Pendragon.
Weule, Karl. 1909. Native life in East Africa. (Trans. Alice Werner.) London: Pitman.
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2017-07-12
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“Brass Bands and the Beni Phenomenon in Urban East Africa”. 2017. African Music : Journal of the International Library of African Music 7 (1): 72-81. https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v7i1.1931.
