Community involvement in health (CIH) as a conceptual base for gerontological health-care research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21504/sajg.v2i2.23Abstract
Community involvement in health (CIH) is a conceptual base for effective primary health care that involves every level of a community. CIH empowers people by facilitating the sharing of information and control, and thereby giving individuals, families and groups that make up a community, the ability and encouragement to be active, effective participants in managing their health. Elderly people are an integral part of a community: it is functional to view their needs and capacities within the context of the larger group. This article is based on research that used the perspectives of self-care and CIH to assess and implement solutions to problems identified by elderly residents of a black township. CIH is a flexible process that can make major contributions to care delivery and the health of people by creating a partnership between the health-care professional and the community. The process develops over time as people increase their ability to manage factors that affect their health. This study indicates that considerable time, effort and resources are needed to help the people of a community to become effectively involved in the improvement of their health status.References
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Anderson, E. T. & McFarlane, J.M. 1988. Community as client application of the nursing process. Philadelphia. PA: Lippincott.
Anderson, N. & Marks, S. 1988. Apartheid and health in the 1980s. Social Science Medicine, 27(7): 667-81.
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Clemen-Stone, S., Gerber-Eigsti, D. & McGuire, S. 1991. Comprehensive family and community health nursing. Third edition. St. Louis: Mosby.
De Beer, C. 1986. The South African disease: apartheid, health and health services. Yeoville: South African Research Service.
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Hildebrandt, E. 1991. The training and use of research assistants for a survey in a third world setting. Curationis, 14(1): 16-18.
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McElmurry, B., Swider. S., Bless, C., Murphy, D., Montgomery, A., Norr, K., Irvin, Y., Gantes, M. & Fisher, M. 1989. Community health ad1·ocacy. Primary health care nurse-advocate teams in urban communities. Paper presented to the National League for Nursing, Seattle, Washington, June.
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Orem, D. E. 1985. Nursing: concepts of practice. Third edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Pan-American Health Organization. 1984. Community participation in health and development in the Americas and analysis of selected case studies. Scientific Publication No. 473. Washington, DC: Regional Office of the World Health Organization.
Seekings, J. 1990. Broken promises: discontent, protest, and the transition to confrontation in Duduza, 1978-1985. Paper read at the History Workshop on Structure and Experience in the Making of Apartheid. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, February.
South Africa (Republic). Department of National Health and Population Development. 1991 . Community involvement in health. Health Promotion: lnformarion Bulletin. 1 (3): 2-6.
Tumwine, J. 1989. Community participation as myth or reality: a personal experience from Zimbabwe. Health and Policy Planning, 4(2): 157-61.
Stoner, M. H., Magilvy, J. & Schultz, P. 1992. Community analysis in community health nursing practice: the GENESIS model. Public Health Nursing. 9(4): 223-27.
Tibbit, L. R. 1983. An evaluation of institutional care of the aged in South Africa. South African Medical Journal, 64(7): 241-45.
Tumwine, J. 1989. Community participation as myth or reality: a personal experience from Zimbabwe. Health and Policy Planning, 4(2): 157-61.
World Health Organization. 1974. Community health nursing. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 558. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. 1991. Community involvement in health development: challenging health services. WHO Technical Report Series No. 809. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Zwi, A., Marks, S. & Anderson, N. 1988. Health, apartheid and the front line states. Social Science Medicine, 27(7): 66 1-65.
Anderson, E. T. & McFarlane, J.M. 1988. Community as client application of the nursing process. Philadelphia. PA: Lippincott.
Anderson, N. & Marks, S. 1988. Apartheid and health in the 1980s. Social Science Medicine, 27(7): 667-81.
Brickman, P., Karuza, J., Jr., Cohn, E., Rabinowitz, V. C., Coates, D. & Kidder, L. 1985. Models of helping and coping. In: Bennis, W.G., Benne, K.D. & Chin, R. (Eds) The planning of change. Fourth edition. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winslow.
Buch, E. 1989. Primary health care in South Africa. Nursing RSA, 4(11): 34-35.
Clemen-Stone, S., Gerber-Eigsti, D. & McGuire, S. 1991. Comprehensive family and community health nursing. Third edition. St. Louis: Mosby.
De Beer, C. 1986. The South African disease: apartheid, health and health services. Yeoville: South African Research Service.
Eng, E. 1992. Community empowerment: the critical base for primary health care. Family and Community Health, 15(1): 1-12. Health Services Development Unit, Tintswalo Hospital. 1986. Primary health care or primitive health care. Nursing RSA, 1(2): 18-19.
Health Services Unit, Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand. 1986. How well do our rural clinics function? Nursing RSA, 1(2): 4-9.
Hildebrandt, E. 1991. The training and use of research assistants for a survey in a third world setting. Curationis, 14(1): 16-18.
Hildebrandt, E. 1993a. Self-care strategies for the aged in a black township. Cape Town: HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology.
Hildebrandt, E. I993b. Self-care strategies based on identified needs of the aged in Duduza township. Ph.D. thesis. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand. Hildebrandt. E. & Hildebrandt Watson, G. 1993. We can do it! Let's start a community project. Cape Town: HSRC/UCT Centre for Gerontology.
Lawton, M. P. 1981. To be black, poor, and aged in South Africa. The Gerontologist, 21(3): 235-39.
McElmurry, B., Swider. S., Bless, C., Murphy, D., Montgomery, A., Norr, K., Irvin, Y., Gantes, M. & Fisher, M. 1989. Community health ad1·ocacy. Primary health care nurse-advocate teams in urban communities. Paper presented to the National League for Nursing, Seattle, Washington, June.
Mashabela, H. 1988. Townships of the PWV. Braamfontein: South African Institute of Race Relations.
Mountford, F. 1990. Community nursing looks ahead. Nursing RSA, 5(I): 41-44.
Orem, D. E. 1985. Nursing: concepts of practice. Third edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Pan-American Health Organization. 1984. Community participation in health and development in the Americas and analysis of selected case studies. Scientific Publication No. 473. Washington, DC: Regional Office of the World Health Organization.
Seekings, J. 1990. Broken promises: discontent, protest, and the transition to confrontation in Duduza, 1978-1985. Paper read at the History Workshop on Structure and Experience in the Making of Apartheid. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, February.
South Africa (Republic). Department of National Health and Population Development. 1991 . Community involvement in health. Health Promotion: lnformarion Bulletin. 1 (3): 2-6.
Tumwine, J. 1989. Community participation as myth or reality: a personal experience from Zimbabwe. Health and Policy Planning, 4(2): 157-61.
Stoner, M. H., Magilvy, J. & Schultz, P. 1992. Community analysis in community health nursing practice: the GENESIS model. Public Health Nursing. 9(4): 223-27.
Tibbit, L. R. 1983. An evaluation of institutional care of the aged in South Africa. South African Medical Journal, 64(7): 241-45.
Tumwine, J. 1989. Community participation as myth or reality: a personal experience from Zimbabwe. Health and Policy Planning, 4(2): 157-61.
World Health Organization. 1974. Community health nursing. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 558. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. 1991. Community involvement in health development: challenging health services. WHO Technical Report Series No. 809. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Zwi, A., Marks, S. & Anderson, N. 1988. Health, apartheid and the front line states. Social Science Medicine, 27(7): 66 1-65.
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1993-10-01
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