Singing Psalms with owls: A Venda 20th century musical history part two: tshikona, beer songs and personal songs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v8i1.1711Abstract
The three categories of Venda music discussed here are tshikona (the bamboo pipe dance), beer songs (malende, jive) and personal songs. As I indicate in part One of this essay, tshikona is useful for the construction of a musical history because its performance is intimately associated with traditional politics. By contrast, beer songs do not feature directly in politics. However, they not only comprise the largest category of adult music, they also have more elaborate texts than Venda music forms such as tshikona or tshigombela.References
Blacking, John
1957 "The role of music amongst the Venda of the Northern Transvaal”: Report to the International Library of African Music, Grahamstown: Rhodes University
1962 "Musical expeditions of the Venda”, African Music, 3(1):54-78
1965 "The role of music in the culture of the Venda of the Northern Transvaal”, in Kolinski, M. (ed.) Studies in Ethnomusicology 2, pp.20-53, New York: Oak publishers
1976 How musical is man? London: Faber & Faber
1977 "Towards an anthropology of the body”, In Blacking, J. (ed.) The anthropology o f the body, A.S.A. Monograph 15, pp.1-28, London: Academic press
1985 "Movement, dance, music and the Venda girls' initiation cycle”, in Spencer, Paul, (ed.) Society and the dance: The social anthropology o f process and performance, pp.64-91, Cambridge: Cambridge University press
1995 "Music and the historical process in Vendaland”, in Byron, Reginald, (ed.) music, culture and experience: Selected papers of John Blacking, pp.127-147, University of Chicago press
Burnett-van Tonder, Cora
1984 "'n Choreologiese en danskundige ontleding van Venda danse met enkele antropologiese perspektiewe”, ph.D thesis, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch
1987 Sosio-etniese danse van the Venda-vrou, pretoria: HAUM
Coplan, David
1983 "Popular culture and performance in Africa”, Critical Arts, 3(1):1-8
Heroldt, A.N.J. and R.J. Dombo
1992 "The political development of Venda: A study of a society in microcosm”, Journal for Contemporary History, 17(1):69-88 Kirby, percival
1968 The musical instruments o f the native races o f South Africa, Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
Koch, Eddie and Edwin Ritchkin
1988 "General strike in Venda: The boys are doing a good job”, South African Labour bulletin, 13(7):48-57
Kruger, Jaco
1986 "Venda instrumental music with reference to certain chordophones and idiophones”, M. Mus dissertation, University of Cape Town
1993 "A cultural analysis of Venda guitar songs”, Ph.D thesis, Rhodes University.
1996 "Wada: A sacred Venda drum”, South African Journal o f Musicology, 16:48-57
1999 "Of heroes and madmen: Venda zwilombe, part I”, South African Journal of Musicology, 19/20:15-31
1999 "Singing psalms with owls: a Venda 20th centruy musical history, part One”, African music, 7(4):122-146
2000 "mitambo: Venda dance theatre”, South African Theatre Journal, 14:73-96
Le Roux, T.H.
1966 Die dagboek van Louis Trigardt, pretoria: Van Schaik
Lowenthal, David
1995 The past is a foreign country, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Siebane, Alpheus
1996 "Tales of horror, torture, death...”, mirror, p.3, 11 October
Van Niekerk, Phillip 1990. "The 'witches' of Venda”, The Weekly mail, p.7, 9-15 November.
Van Warmelo, N.J. (ed.) 1932 "Contributions towards Venda history, religion and tribal ritual”, Ethnological publication, no.3. Pretoria: Government of South Africa
1957 "The role of music amongst the Venda of the Northern Transvaal”: Report to the International Library of African Music, Grahamstown: Rhodes University
1962 "Musical expeditions of the Venda”, African Music, 3(1):54-78
1965 "The role of music in the culture of the Venda of the Northern Transvaal”, in Kolinski, M. (ed.) Studies in Ethnomusicology 2, pp.20-53, New York: Oak publishers
1976 How musical is man? London: Faber & Faber
1977 "Towards an anthropology of the body”, In Blacking, J. (ed.) The anthropology o f the body, A.S.A. Monograph 15, pp.1-28, London: Academic press
1985 "Movement, dance, music and the Venda girls' initiation cycle”, in Spencer, Paul, (ed.) Society and the dance: The social anthropology o f process and performance, pp.64-91, Cambridge: Cambridge University press
1995 "Music and the historical process in Vendaland”, in Byron, Reginald, (ed.) music, culture and experience: Selected papers of John Blacking, pp.127-147, University of Chicago press
Burnett-van Tonder, Cora
1984 "'n Choreologiese en danskundige ontleding van Venda danse met enkele antropologiese perspektiewe”, ph.D thesis, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch
1987 Sosio-etniese danse van the Venda-vrou, pretoria: HAUM
Coplan, David
1983 "Popular culture and performance in Africa”, Critical Arts, 3(1):1-8
Heroldt, A.N.J. and R.J. Dombo
1992 "The political development of Venda: A study of a society in microcosm”, Journal for Contemporary History, 17(1):69-88 Kirby, percival
1968 The musical instruments o f the native races o f South Africa, Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
Koch, Eddie and Edwin Ritchkin
1988 "General strike in Venda: The boys are doing a good job”, South African Labour bulletin, 13(7):48-57
Kruger, Jaco
1986 "Venda instrumental music with reference to certain chordophones and idiophones”, M. Mus dissertation, University of Cape Town
1993 "A cultural analysis of Venda guitar songs”, Ph.D thesis, Rhodes University.
1996 "Wada: A sacred Venda drum”, South African Journal o f Musicology, 16:48-57
1999 "Of heroes and madmen: Venda zwilombe, part I”, South African Journal of Musicology, 19/20:15-31
1999 "Singing psalms with owls: a Venda 20th centruy musical history, part One”, African music, 7(4):122-146
2000 "mitambo: Venda dance theatre”, South African Theatre Journal, 14:73-96
Le Roux, T.H.
1966 Die dagboek van Louis Trigardt, pretoria: Van Schaik
Lowenthal, David
1995 The past is a foreign country, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Siebane, Alpheus
1996 "Tales of horror, torture, death...”, mirror, p.3, 11 October
Van Niekerk, Phillip 1990. "The 'witches' of Venda”, The Weekly mail, p.7, 9-15 November.
Van Warmelo, N.J. (ed.) 1932 "Contributions towards Venda history, religion and tribal ritual”, Ethnological publication, no.3. Pretoria: Government of South Africa
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2007-11-30
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“Singing Psalms With Owls: A Venda 20th Century Musical History Part Two: Tshikona, Beer Songs and Personal Songs”. 2007. African Music : Journal of the International Library of African Music 8 (1): 36-59. https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v8i1.1711.
