REASSESSING THE ZIMBABWEAN CHIPENDANI (Article withdrawn)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v10i2.2042Keywords:
musical bows, chipendani, Shona, ritualsAbstract
Due to an error in the original publication this article will be reprinted in the 2018 edition of African Music. We apologise for any inconvenience. (Editor: African Music)
References
Berliner, Paul. 1978. The Soul of Mbira: Music and Traditions of the Shona People of Zimbabwe. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Brenner, Klaus-Peter. 1997. Chipendani und Mbira. Musikinstrumente, nicht-begriffliche Mathematik und die Evolution der harmonischen Progressionen in der Musik der Shona in Zimbabwe. With two companion audio CDs. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.
Brenner, Klaus-Peter. 2004 "Das akustische Prinzip des 1-dimensionalen Saitenteilers und seine musikalischeNutzung beim chipendani (Mundbogen) der Shona.” Studia instrumentorum musicae popularis 12, Erich Stockmann, Eszter Fontana and Andreas Michel, eds. 27—44. Leipzig: Verlag Janos Stekovics.
Brenner, Klaus-Peter. 2016 "Chipendani (mouth bow)-the origin of the Shona mbira harmonic system and of Andrew Tracey's 'basic kalimba core'.” Paper presented at the The 1st Bow Music Conference, 24—27 February 2016, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Chikowero, Mhoze. 2007 "The state and music policy in post-colonial Zimbabwe, 1980—2000.” Muziki 4(1): 111—128.
Davies, Nollene. 1994. The Guitar in Zulu Maskanda Tradition.” The World of Music 36(2): 118—137.
Duarte, Maria da Luz Teixeira. 1980. Catálogo de instrumentos musicais de Moçambique. Maputo: Ministério da educação e de cultura.
Ellert, H. 1984. The Material Culture of Zimbabwe. Harare: Longman.
Gelfand, Michael. 1959. Shona ritual, with special reference to the Chaminuka cult. Cape Town: Juta and Co., Ltd.
Hoogeveen, Johannes, Bas van der Klaauw, and Gijsbert van Lomwel. 2011 "On the Timing of Marriage, Cattle, and Shocks.” Economic Development and Cultural Change. 60(1): 121—154.
Impey, Angela. 2007 "Pathways of Song: Re-Voicing Women's Landscapes in the Maputaland Borderlands.” Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity 73(1,1): 102—116.
Impey, Angela. 2008 "Sound, Memory, and Dis/placement: Exploring Sound, Song and Performance as Oral History in the Southern African Borderlands.” Oral History 36(1): 33—44.
Jones, Claire. 1992. Making Music: Musical Instruments in Zimbabwe Past and Present. Oxford: Baobab Books.
Jones, Claire. 2008 "Shona Women Mbira Players: Gender, Tradition and Nation in Zimbabwe.” Ethnomusicology Forum 17(1): 125—149.
Kahari, G. P. 1981 "The History of the Shona Protest Song: A Preliminary Study.” Zambezia IX(ii): 79—101.
Kauffman, Robert. 1970. Multi-Part Relationships in the Shona Music of Rhodesia. PhD Dissertation: University of California, Los Angeles.
Kreutzer, Natalie J. 2001 "Music Acquisition of Children in Rural Zimbabwe: A Longitudinal Observation.” Journal of Research in Childhood Education 15(2): 181—193.
Kruger, Jaco. 1989 "Rediscovering the Venda Ground-Bow.” Ethnomusicology 33(3): 391—404.
Kubik, Gerhard. 1979 "Donald Kachamba's Kwela Music.” The Society of Malawi Journal 32(2): 45—59.
Kubik, Gerhard. 1994 "Musical Enculturation.” In Gerhard Kubik, Theory of African Music, Volume I, 330—348. (Intercultural Music Studies, 7.) Wilhelmshaven: Noetzel.
Kyker, Jennifer. 2010 "Carrying Spirit in Song: Music and the Making of Ancestors at Zezuru Kurova Guva Ceremonies.” African Music 8 (3): 65—84. Available: https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v8i3.1828.
Kyker, Jennifer. 2014 "Learning in secret: gender, age, and the clandestine transmission of Zimbabwean mbira dzavadzimu music,” Ethnomusicology Forum 23(1): 110—134.
Kyker, Jennifer. 2016 Oliver Mtukudzi: Living Tuku Music in Zimbabwe. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
List, George. 1971 "On the Non-Universality of Musical Perspectives.” Ethnomusicology 15(3): 399—402.
Maraire, Dumisani. 1982. The Position of Chipendani (bow instrument) in Shona Music Culture and Tradition. MA Thesis: University of Washington, Seattle.
Marett, Allan. 2010 "Vanishing Songs: How Musical Extinction Threaten the Planet.” Ethnomusicology Forum 19(2): 249—262.
Mazikana, P. C., I. J. Johnstone, and R. G. S. Douglas. 1984. Zimbabwe Epic. Harare: National Archives of Zimbabwe.
Musiyiwa, Mickias. 2013 "The Narrativization of Post-2000 Zimbabwe in the Shona Popular Song-Genre: an Appraisal Approach.” PhD Dissertation: Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch.
Nyoni, Tsitsi, and Mika Nyoni. 2013 "The Form and Content of Children's Games on a Kaleidoscopic Cultural Terrain.” Theory and Practice in Language Studies 3(2): 233—243.
Picken, Laurence. 1975. Folk Musical Instruments of Turkey. London et al.: Oxford University Press.
Pinto, Tiago de Oliveira. 1991. Capoeira, Samba, Candomblé. Afro-brasilianische Musik im Recôncavo Baiano, Bahia. Berlin: Museum für Völkerkunde.
Rycroft, David. 1977 "Evidence of Stylistic Continuity in Zulu 'Town' Music.” In Essays for a Humanist: An Offering for Klaus Waschmann, Charles Seeger and Bonnie Wade, eds. 216-260. New York: The Town House Press.
Shire, Chenjerai. 1993 "Men Don't Go to the Moon: Language, Space, and Masculinities in Zimbabwe.” In Dislocating Masculinities, A. Cornwall and N. Lindisfarne, eds.147—158. London: Routledge.
Shutt, Allison K. 2002 "The Settlers' Cattle Complex: The Etiquette of Culling Cattle in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1938.” The Journal of African History 43(2): 263—286.
Smith, Randal. 1998 "'Money breaks blood ties': chiefs' courts and the transition from lineage debt to commercial debt in Sipolilo district.” Journal of Southern African Studies 24(3): 509—526.
Snowden, A.E. 1938 "Some Common Musical Instruments Found Among the Native Tribes of Southern Rhodesia.” Native Affairs Department Annual (NADA) 15: 99—103.
Tracey, Andrew. 2008. Interview with Mark Holdaway. Kalimbamagic.com/newsletters/ newsletter3.08/interview/Andrew/tracey.shtml
Tracey, Hugh. 1973. Catalogue: The Sound of Africa Series: 210 Long Playing Records of Music and Songs from Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa. Vols I & II. Roodeport, South Africa: International Library of African Music.
Turino, Thomas. 2000. Nationalists, Cosmopolitans, and Popular Music in Zimbabwe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Vail, Leroy, and Landeg White 1991 Power and the Praise Poem: South African Voices in History. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
Discography:
Muradzikwa, Compound. 2007. Chipendani Music from Zimbabwe, Hungwe Records: 884502106251 (CD).
Tracey, Hugh. 2000. Other Musics from Zimbabwe: 1948, '49, '51, '57, '58, '63, Southern Rhodesia: Ndau, Sena, Tonga, Shona. SWP Records: SWP012 (CD).
Interviews by author:
Chigamba, Tute Wincil
Harare, Zimbabwe. 1 October 2002.
Harare, Zimbabwe, 4 March 2003.
Harare, Zimbabwe, 28 May 2003.
Dutiro, Chartwell. London, UK, 20 March 2001.
Muradzikwa, Compound.
Marondera, Zimbabwe, 12 October 2003.
Marondera, Zimbabwe, 29 July 2006.
Personal communication with author:
Brenner, Klaus-Peter, 15 October 2015. 16 October 2015.
Chigamba, Tute Wincil. 6 October 2015.
Jones, Claire. 7 January 2016. 11 January 2016.
Landers, Russ. 20 November 2015.
Matsuhira, Yuji. 7 Jan. 2016.
Brenner, Klaus-Peter. 1997. Chipendani und Mbira. Musikinstrumente, nicht-begriffliche Mathematik und die Evolution der harmonischen Progressionen in der Musik der Shona in Zimbabwe. With two companion audio CDs. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.
Brenner, Klaus-Peter. 2004 "Das akustische Prinzip des 1-dimensionalen Saitenteilers und seine musikalischeNutzung beim chipendani (Mundbogen) der Shona.” Studia instrumentorum musicae popularis 12, Erich Stockmann, Eszter Fontana and Andreas Michel, eds. 27—44. Leipzig: Verlag Janos Stekovics.
Brenner, Klaus-Peter. 2016 "Chipendani (mouth bow)-the origin of the Shona mbira harmonic system and of Andrew Tracey's 'basic kalimba core'.” Paper presented at the The 1st Bow Music Conference, 24—27 February 2016, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Chikowero, Mhoze. 2007 "The state and music policy in post-colonial Zimbabwe, 1980—2000.” Muziki 4(1): 111—128.
Davies, Nollene. 1994. The Guitar in Zulu Maskanda Tradition.” The World of Music 36(2): 118—137.
Duarte, Maria da Luz Teixeira. 1980. Catálogo de instrumentos musicais de Moçambique. Maputo: Ministério da educação e de cultura.
Ellert, H. 1984. The Material Culture of Zimbabwe. Harare: Longman.
Gelfand, Michael. 1959. Shona ritual, with special reference to the Chaminuka cult. Cape Town: Juta and Co., Ltd.
Hoogeveen, Johannes, Bas van der Klaauw, and Gijsbert van Lomwel. 2011 "On the Timing of Marriage, Cattle, and Shocks.” Economic Development and Cultural Change. 60(1): 121—154.
Impey, Angela. 2007 "Pathways of Song: Re-Voicing Women's Landscapes in the Maputaland Borderlands.” Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity 73(1,1): 102—116.
Impey, Angela. 2008 "Sound, Memory, and Dis/placement: Exploring Sound, Song and Performance as Oral History in the Southern African Borderlands.” Oral History 36(1): 33—44.
Jones, Claire. 1992. Making Music: Musical Instruments in Zimbabwe Past and Present. Oxford: Baobab Books.
Jones, Claire. 2008 "Shona Women Mbira Players: Gender, Tradition and Nation in Zimbabwe.” Ethnomusicology Forum 17(1): 125—149.
Kahari, G. P. 1981 "The History of the Shona Protest Song: A Preliminary Study.” Zambezia IX(ii): 79—101.
Kauffman, Robert. 1970. Multi-Part Relationships in the Shona Music of Rhodesia. PhD Dissertation: University of California, Los Angeles.
Kreutzer, Natalie J. 2001 "Music Acquisition of Children in Rural Zimbabwe: A Longitudinal Observation.” Journal of Research in Childhood Education 15(2): 181—193.
Kruger, Jaco. 1989 "Rediscovering the Venda Ground-Bow.” Ethnomusicology 33(3): 391—404.
Kubik, Gerhard. 1979 "Donald Kachamba's Kwela Music.” The Society of Malawi Journal 32(2): 45—59.
Kubik, Gerhard. 1994 "Musical Enculturation.” In Gerhard Kubik, Theory of African Music, Volume I, 330—348. (Intercultural Music Studies, 7.) Wilhelmshaven: Noetzel.
Kyker, Jennifer. 2010 "Carrying Spirit in Song: Music and the Making of Ancestors at Zezuru Kurova Guva Ceremonies.” African Music 8 (3): 65—84. Available: https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v8i3.1828.
Kyker, Jennifer. 2014 "Learning in secret: gender, age, and the clandestine transmission of Zimbabwean mbira dzavadzimu music,” Ethnomusicology Forum 23(1): 110—134.
Kyker, Jennifer. 2016 Oliver Mtukudzi: Living Tuku Music in Zimbabwe. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
List, George. 1971 "On the Non-Universality of Musical Perspectives.” Ethnomusicology 15(3): 399—402.
Maraire, Dumisani. 1982. The Position of Chipendani (bow instrument) in Shona Music Culture and Tradition. MA Thesis: University of Washington, Seattle.
Marett, Allan. 2010 "Vanishing Songs: How Musical Extinction Threaten the Planet.” Ethnomusicology Forum 19(2): 249—262.
Mazikana, P. C., I. J. Johnstone, and R. G. S. Douglas. 1984. Zimbabwe Epic. Harare: National Archives of Zimbabwe.
Musiyiwa, Mickias. 2013 "The Narrativization of Post-2000 Zimbabwe in the Shona Popular Song-Genre: an Appraisal Approach.” PhD Dissertation: Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch.
Nyoni, Tsitsi, and Mika Nyoni. 2013 "The Form and Content of Children's Games on a Kaleidoscopic Cultural Terrain.” Theory and Practice in Language Studies 3(2): 233—243.
Picken, Laurence. 1975. Folk Musical Instruments of Turkey. London et al.: Oxford University Press.
Pinto, Tiago de Oliveira. 1991. Capoeira, Samba, Candomblé. Afro-brasilianische Musik im Recôncavo Baiano, Bahia. Berlin: Museum für Völkerkunde.
Rycroft, David. 1977 "Evidence of Stylistic Continuity in Zulu 'Town' Music.” In Essays for a Humanist: An Offering for Klaus Waschmann, Charles Seeger and Bonnie Wade, eds. 216-260. New York: The Town House Press.
Shire, Chenjerai. 1993 "Men Don't Go to the Moon: Language, Space, and Masculinities in Zimbabwe.” In Dislocating Masculinities, A. Cornwall and N. Lindisfarne, eds.147—158. London: Routledge.
Shutt, Allison K. 2002 "The Settlers' Cattle Complex: The Etiquette of Culling Cattle in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1938.” The Journal of African History 43(2): 263—286.
Smith, Randal. 1998 "'Money breaks blood ties': chiefs' courts and the transition from lineage debt to commercial debt in Sipolilo district.” Journal of Southern African Studies 24(3): 509—526.
Snowden, A.E. 1938 "Some Common Musical Instruments Found Among the Native Tribes of Southern Rhodesia.” Native Affairs Department Annual (NADA) 15: 99—103.
Tracey, Andrew. 2008. Interview with Mark Holdaway. Kalimbamagic.com/newsletters/ newsletter3.08/interview/Andrew/tracey.shtml
Tracey, Hugh. 1973. Catalogue: The Sound of Africa Series: 210 Long Playing Records of Music and Songs from Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa. Vols I & II. Roodeport, South Africa: International Library of African Music.
Turino, Thomas. 2000. Nationalists, Cosmopolitans, and Popular Music in Zimbabwe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Vail, Leroy, and Landeg White 1991 Power and the Praise Poem: South African Voices in History. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
Discography:
Muradzikwa, Compound. 2007. Chipendani Music from Zimbabwe, Hungwe Records: 884502106251 (CD).
Tracey, Hugh. 2000. Other Musics from Zimbabwe: 1948, '49, '51, '57, '58, '63, Southern Rhodesia: Ndau, Sena, Tonga, Shona. SWP Records: SWP012 (CD).
Interviews by author:
Chigamba, Tute Wincil
Harare, Zimbabwe. 1 October 2002.
Harare, Zimbabwe, 4 March 2003.
Harare, Zimbabwe, 28 May 2003.
Dutiro, Chartwell. London, UK, 20 March 2001.
Muradzikwa, Compound.
Marondera, Zimbabwe, 12 October 2003.
Marondera, Zimbabwe, 29 July 2006.
Personal communication with author:
Brenner, Klaus-Peter, 15 October 2015. 16 October 2015.
Chigamba, Tute Wincil. 6 October 2015.
Jones, Claire. 7 January 2016. 11 January 2016.
Landers, Russ. 20 November 2015.
Matsuhira, Yuji. 7 Jan. 2016.
Published
2016-11-01
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
“REASSESSING THE ZIMBABWEAN CHIPENDANI (Article Withdrawn)”. 2016. African Music : Journal of the International Library of African Music 10 (2): 140-66. https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v10i2.2042.
